IRIX Base Documentation 2002 November

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ IRIX Base Documentation 2002 November / SGI IRIX Base Documentation 2002 November.iso / usr / share / catman / a_man / cat7 / sirius.z / sirius

Wrap

Text File | 2002-10-03 | 23.1 KB | 529 lines

SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE sirius - Sirius Video option DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN Sirius Video is a video option for IRIS workstations equipped with RealityEngine, RealityEngine2, or VTX graphics that fully integrates broadcast-quality video with Silicon Graphics supercomputer graphics capabilities. Sirius Video can also be installed in CHALLENGE servers and Power Series server configurations, making its broadcast-quality video a network resource. Sirius Video supports real-time input and output of video at live frame rates, in the full range of broadcast video formats. You can transfer the workstation graphics output to video; or transfer video input to the graphics screen. Sirius Video enables you to apply the full power of RealityEngine graphics to manipulate these live video images. Sirius Video enables you to blend graphics and frames from video in many ways, including alpha blending, chroma and luma keying, and ISO keying. You can also generate pixel fades and wipes in real time from external alpha. You can blend video input with workstation graphics images and output them as video. The Sirius Video Option requires that the _d_m_e_d_i_a__e_o_e._s_w._v_i_d_e_o, _d_m_e_d_i_a__e_o_e._s_w._c_o_m_m_o_n, and _s_i_r_i_u_s._s_w software subsystems be installed for proper operation. Sirius Video supports video input and output using component digital, component analog, composite analog and Y/C analog formats. Sirius Video supports both 525-line and 625-line video formats using square-pixel (for analog formats) or CCIR-601 sampling rates (for both analog and digital formats). The component analog and digital formats include full- bandwidth alpha or key information. The digital inputs and outputs each operate in 4:2:2:4 and 4:4:4:4 modes. Serial digital video I/O is available as an option. Sirius Video does hardware conversions between all available formats in real-time. For example, it is possible to blend a 4:2:2 CCIR601 digital input with an analog YUV signal and output the result in 4:4:4:4 component digital. Since Sirius can operate internally in RGB, YUV or CCIR modes, it avoids data conversions and their resultant rounding errors whenever possible. SSSSuuuuppppppppoooorrrrtttteeeedddd TTTTiiiimmmmiiiinnnngggg VVVVaaaalllluuuueeeessss Sirius Video supports four video timing values. Two with 525 total lines at 59.94Hz and two with 625 total lines at 50Hz. 525 This timing uses square-pixel sampling and 525 total lines. The pixel clock rate is 12.27 MHz and the active image region is 646 by 486 pixels. It may only be used with analog formats. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111 SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) CCIR601 525 This timing uses CCIR601 specified sampling and 525 total lines. The pixel clock rate is 13.50 MHz and the active image region is 720 by 486 pixels. It may be used with both analog and digital formats. 625 This timing uses square-pixel sampling and 625 total lines. The pixel clock rate is 14.75 MHz and the active image region is 768 by 576 pixels. It may only be used with analog formats. CCIR601 625 This timing uses CCIR601 specified sampling and 625 total lines. The pixel clock rate is 13.50 MHz and the active image region is 720 by 576 pixels. It may be used with both analog and digital formats. SSSSuuuuppppppppoooorrrrtttteeeedddd VVVViiiiddddeeeeoooo FFFFoooorrrrmmmmaaaattttssss RGB Component analog Red Green Blue and Alpha. No pedestal (setup) is used. A full ten bits of precision is used for all four components. Betacam/M-II/YUV These are all YUVA style component analog formats with differing gain, offset, sync and setup values. In 625-line timings, the M-II and YUV selections both give EBU-YUV levels. In 525-line timings, the YUV selection gives SMPTE levels. A full ten bits of precision is used for each of the four components. Composite/SVideo These are 8-bit composite analog formats. The composite format uses a single-signal BNC connection. The SVideo format uses a dual Y/C mini DIN connector. These formats do not support alpha. Digital 4:2:2:4/Digital 4:4:4:4 Each of these formats use a pair of DB25 connections or a pair of BNC connection in serial mode. The two connectors are labeled "Link A" and "Link B" on the Break Out Box. In 4:2:2:4 mode, link A carries 4:2:2 YCrCb data and link B carries 0:0:4 alpha data. In 4:4:4:4 mode, link A carries 4:2:2 YCrCb data and link B carries 2:2:4 CrCbA data. Normal 4:2:2 CCIR-601 operation is a subset of 4:2:2:4 operation. Only the A link is used. The system will still process alpha internally, but it can be ignored if you don't need it. IIIInnnntttteeeerrrrnnnnaaaallll CCCCoooolllloooorrrr RRRReeeepppprrrreeeesssseeeennnnttttaaaattttiiiioooonnnnssss Sirius Video uses four components with a minimum of ten bits of precision at all steps of its internal pipeline. Color space conversions use twelve bits of intermediate precision. There are three native internal color representations. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222 SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) RGB Each component is represented by a 10-bit value between 0 and 1023. Black has the value (0,0,0) and white is (1023,1023,1023). This is the color space used by the graphics subsystem. It has the most accurate representation of visible colors since all possible combinations are legal. This colorspace does not support superblack or other illegal color values. When converting to RGB each resulting RGB component is clamped to the range [0..1023]. It is possible to overflow the the clamping mechanism when dramatically illegal colors are input. For example, if the max possible (though highly illegal) CCIR values of (1019,1019,1019) are input, the blue component will overflow. The Graphics source and drain, the composite/SVideo input and output, and the component RGB input and output use this colorspace. The VME interface may use this colorspace if desired. YUV This colorspace is obtained from RGB by the matrix transformation shown below. The U, Y and V values range from 0 to 1023. Black has the UYV value (512,0,512). White has the value (512,1023,512). This color space is used by the Betacam, M-II and YUV formats. The VME interface may use this color space. | 0.500 -0.419 -0.081| |R| |512| |V| | 0.299 0.587 0.114| * |G| + | 0 | = |Y| |-0.169 -0.331 0.500| |B| |512| |U| CCIR This colorspace is obtained from RGB by the matrix transformation shown below. The Cr, Y and Cb values are clamped to the range 4 to 1019. Black has the CrYCb value (512,64,512). White has the value (512,940,512). This color space is used by the component digital formats. The VME interface may use this color space. | 0.500 -0.419 -0.081| |R| |896/1023| |512| |Cr| | 0.299 0.587 0.114| * |G| * |876/1023| + | 64| = |Y | |-0.169 -0.331 0.500| |B| |896/1023| |512| |Cb| Color conversions may be done on each of the incoming video streams. They may also be done when going to graphics and one of either the analog or digital video outputs. Conversions are only done when absolutely required. The output colorspace controls conversions. For example if you blend a CCIR stream from a digital video input with an RGB stream from graphics, and send the result to the digital video output, the RGB signal will be converted to CCIR before the blend occurs. The CCIR stream will not be converted. If you sent the same blend to a Betacam output, both streams would be converted to YUV before the blend. The system tries to maintain the proper color space on the digital, component analog and composite outputs at all times. The output selected by the "Video Drain" format control is gauranteed to have the correct color PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333 SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) space and horizontal timing. It also never has a post-blend color space conversion. When not specified as the output format, the digital will have the correct color space but will be shifted horizontally. If one of the component YUV formats is chosen as the output format, the composite output will not have the correct colors. SSSSyyyynnnncccc aaaannnndddd GGGGeeeennnnlllloooocccckkkk Sirius video has very flexible sync and genlock controls. Synchronization selection is available for the video inputs and outputs separately. Internal buffering will automatically perform a frame synchronization when the input and output syncs differ. The following synchronization selections are available. SSSSoooouuuurrrrcccceeeessss ooooffff SSSSyyyynnnncccc iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaattttiiiioooonnnn House This choice selects the signal present on the connector labeled "Genlock" on the break out box. Please be sure to terminate the sync signal. Sync on Green This selects the composite sync signal present on the green or Y channel of the component analog input signal. Not all inputs provide this capability. Digital Input 1/Digital Input 2 This choice selects the sync information embedded in specified digital input stream. If no signal is present, the results are unpredictable. Composite This choice selects the sync information present on the composite video input. Component This choice selects the signal present on the connector labeled "Sync In" on the break out box. Please be sure to terminate the sync signal. YC Input This choice selects the sync information present on the Y/C (SVideo) video input. AAAAvvvvaaaaiiiillllaaaabbbblllleeee SSSSyyyynnnncccc SSSSeeeelllleeeeccccttttiiiioooonnnnssss Digital Sources The digital video sources (inputs) always lock to the sync and clock information embedded in the digital input stream. Analog Video Source The analog video source may be configured to use any of the sync sources. It is recommended that you use composite sync with composite video, YC sync with YC (S) video etc. For component analog you probably want to select "Component", "Sync on Green" or PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444 SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) "House". A horizontal phase adjustment is present under the "Pro- >Analog Video Source->Signal Controls" menu of vcp. Graphics Source The graphics source always runs locked to the high resolution display of the RealityEngine. If you connect a terminated video reference signal to the "genlock" input of the RealityEngine, you may lock the RealityEngine to it by running the command "/usr/gfx/setmon -n" and specifying one the following formats: 1280x1024_25f 1280x1024_30f 1280x1024_50f 1280x1024_60f Video Drain The video output may be configured to lock to any sync source or to free run. The "Sync Select" control allows you to select genlock or standalone mode. If genlock mode is selected, the sync source selected with the "Genlock Sync" control is used. An output horizontal phase adjustment is available under the "Pro->Video Drain->Signal Controls" menu of vcp. Please note that the output phase depends on the format selected. For example, if you have selected a digital output format, the analog video will be horizontally shifted and vice versa. DDDDiiiiggggiiiittttaaaallll FFFFiiiilllltttteeeerrrrssss The alpha channel is never filtered and so is not discussed in this section for simplicity. Digital filters are present for interpolating 4:2:2 data to 4:4:4 and for decimating 4:4:4 data to 4:2:2. The filters are user-selectable and should only be used when appropriate. All sources and drains on Sirius Video may operate in 4:4:4 mode. The digital video inputs and outputs may be configured to operate in 4:2:2 mode. The VME memory interface may also be configured to operate in 4:2:2 mode. Interpolating Filters Interpolating filters may be inserted into the input video stream when input comes from one of the digital video inputs or the VME interface. These filters only affect the chroma components. The interpolating filters should be enabled when a 4:2:2 source is sent to a 4:4:4 destination or blended with a 4:4:4 source. Decimating Filter A decimating filter may be inserted into the output video stream when output is directed to the digital video or VME outputs. This filter should be enabled when a 4:4:4 source or blender result is to be output or stored in 4:2:2 mode. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555 SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) CCCChhhhrrrroooommmmaaaa KKKKeeeeyyyy GGGGeeeennnneeeerrrraaaattttoooorrrr A chroma key generator is present. It may be used to compute an alpha or key signal from the incoming video stream. The resulting alpha values may be used by the blender or passed on to the VME, video or graphics outputs. The chroma key generator works by selecting a soft-edged rectangular color volume which is considered to be transparent. The chroma keyer uses three input color components labeled "A","B" and "C". By default these correspond to "V", "Y" and "U" but may be changed by application software to "R", "G" and "B" or any other color space. Each of the components has a "value" control, a "range" control and a "softness" control. The range and softness controls must be non-zero for a key color range to be useful. An application program must explicitly enable the chroma key generator before it will be used. The sample program _g_f_x_v_i_d_k_e_y_t_o_v_i_d does this. BBBBlllleeeennnnddddiiiinnnngggg The blender on Sirius Video is very powerful. It can implement the full compositing algebra. The blender computes an output value for all four input components. The blender can use inputs from three sources plus the chroma key generator simultaneously. The blender has "normalization" controls on each of the inputs. If the normalization control is enabled, the input RGB or YUV values will be scaled by the selected alpha before being blended. The _g_f_x_v_i_d_t_o_v_i_d example program enables the blender. VVVV----LLLLaaaannnn TTTTrrrraaaannnnssssmmmmiiiitttttttteeeerrrr Sirius Video includes a VideoMedia "V-Lan" transmitter. This provides unified control of up to 31 VTRs or VDRs. The V-Lan transmitter allows you to perform frame-accurate edits by providing both device control and the required trigger information. The V-Lan transmitter always operates synchronous with the video output of Sirius. This means that for proper operation, the VTR and the video drain of Sirius must be using the same reference sync. The _s_i_r__v_l_a_n and _o_r_i_o_n programs both provide an interface to the V-Lan transmitter. GGGGPPPPIIII IIIInnnnppppuuuuttttssss aaaannnndddd OOOOuuuuttttppppuuuuttttssss Sirius Video has two GPI inputs that may be used to trigger frame- accurate memory transfers. It also has two GPI outputs that may be used to control external video equipment. FFFFiiiieeeelllldddd DDDDoooommmmiiiinnnnaaaannnncccceeee CCCCoooonnnnttttrrrroooollll Sirius Video has controls to select field dominance at each of the video input and output nodes. These controls determine where the frame boundaries are considered to occur during video input and output. When _F_i_e_l_d_1 dominance is selected, the frame boundaries will occur where defined by the 525-line or 625-line video standards. When Field2 dominance is used, the opposite boundaries will be used. The field dominance controls must be taken into account whenever video is converted between fields and frames. The system does this automatically for graphics source and texture drain nodes. The programs _s_i_r__m_e_m_t_o_v_i_d, _s_i_r__v_i_d_t_o_m_e_m and _v_i_d_t_o_g_f_x use the selected field dominance to determine how to interlace and de-interlace video. When _F_i_e_l_d_1 dominance is selected, the topmost active line will be in the second field for 525- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 6666 SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) line formats and in the first field for 625-line formats. Triggered transfers will always begin with the field type selected by the dominance control. For example, if _F_i_e_l_d_1 dominance is selected at the video output and the program sir_memtovid is run in triggered mode, video display will begin at the first F2->F1 transition following the arrival of the trigger. Selecting _F_i_e_l_d_2 dominance will cause the transfer to begin are the first F1->F2 transition following the trigger. When performing edits with V-Lan, you always specify the timecode for the "F1" field. VVVViiiiddddeeeeoooo ttttoooo////ffffrrrroooommmm DDDDiiiisssskkkk Sirius Video does not interface with disk drives; there is no concept of a disk node in the VL. However, since Sirius can transfer live video data to and from memory, it is simple to create software to couple these transfers with a disk reading or writing routine. The _s_i_r__v_i_d_t_o_d_i_s_k and _s_i_r__d_i_s_k_t_o_v_i_d programs are examples of how to do this. In addition, the program _o_r_i_o_n is an interactive graphical interface for transferring data to/from disk that also provides deck control. The table below lists the required minimum transfer rates in megabytes per second, as a function of the VL_TIMING and VL_PACKING in use: 525_SQ_PIX 625_SQ_PIX 525_CCIR601 625_CCIR601 RGBA_8 35.9 42.2 40.0 39.6 RGB_8 35.9 42.2 40.0 39.6 YVYU_422_8 18.0 21.1 20.0 19.8 YUV_444_8 35.9 42.2 40.0 39.6 YUVA_4444_8 35.9 42.2 40.0 39.6 ABGR_8 35.9 42.2 40.0 39.6 AUYV_8 35.9 42.2 40.0 39.6 A_2_BGR_10 35.9 42.2 40.0 39.6 A_2_UYV_10 35.9 42.2 40.0 39.6 AYU_AYV_10 35.9 42.2 40.0 39.6 To allow live video transfers, your disk volume must support at least the required transfer rate. A typical SCSI drive on an Onyx transfers at roughly 3.9 MB/sec; so clearly multiple drives are required. A single SCSI bus is also limited to roughly 15 MB/sec; so multiple disk controllers are also required. FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS /var/arch/libvl/Sirius.so /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Vcp.sirius /usr/dmedia/bin/SIRIUS/* /usr/dmedia/ucode/SIRIUS/* SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO gfxtogfx(1), gfxtovid(1), gfxvidkeytovid(1), gfxvidtovid(1), orion(1), sir_cursor(1), sir_disktovid(1), sir_memtovid(1), sir_vidtodisk(1), sir_vidtomem(1), sir_vlan(1), sircmd(1), vidtogfx(1), vidtotex(1), PPPPaaaaggggeeee 7777 SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) SSSSIIIIRRRRIIIIUUUUSSSS((((7777)))) vidtovid(1), vcp(1), vlinfo(1), vl(3) PPPPaaaaggggeeee 8888